{"id":4589,"date":"2020-04-07T23:06:05","date_gmt":"2020-04-07T20:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/?p=4589"},"modified":"2020-04-07T23:06:05","modified_gmt":"2020-04-07T20:06:05","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ba%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b4%d9%82%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/?p=4589","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u062f \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0642\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0642\u064f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0630\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u0632\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0646\u064a<\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0636\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062d\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 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https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/sana-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/sana-731x1024.jpg 731w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 186px) 100vw, 186px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>2 \u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\/<\/strong><strong>Signe iconique<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c <\/strong><strong>\u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0652\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062b\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 (\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 : &#8221; \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 &#8220;.<\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 <u>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/u>\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647:\u00a0 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1920)\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8221; \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 (1964) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4 \u0640\u0640 1 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0640 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 &#8221; \u0634\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 &#8221;\u00a0 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4 \u0640\u0640 2 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0650)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645.<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0634\u0645\u0633&#8221; \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0647\u0627 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\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0647. \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a : <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e\u00a0 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 &#8221; \u0634\u0645\u0633&#8221;\u00a0 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0640\u0640 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f = \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633) = \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 = \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 (\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647) \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (3010 \u0645) \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0642\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064d \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0629\u064f \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0626\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0636\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a\u00a0 \u0640\u0640 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0640\u0640 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u00a0 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0645\u0633 = (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a = (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0645\u0633\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0631= \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 =\u00a0 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 )\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0630\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0627\u0646)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Structure moteur<\/strong><strong> \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 . \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0646\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 <\/strong><strong>\u2260<\/strong><strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/strong><strong>\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a <\/strong><strong>habitus\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633 . <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/strong><strong>( <\/strong><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0639 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u062c\u0628\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8221; \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u00a0 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;<\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3#cite_note-7\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1 \u0640 <\/strong><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 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1\u060c 1984\u060c \u0635 668<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3 \u0640\u0640 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0640\u0640<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4 \u0640\u0640\u00a0\u00a0 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u00a0 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5 \u0640\u0640 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong> 2020<\/strong><strong>\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/sexxQ-z9iAQ\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/sexxQ-z9iAQ<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6 \u0640 \u0640<\/strong><strong>-Julia kristiva, le texte du roman, Mouton publichers, paris, new york,1970,p 15 -18<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7 \u0640\u0640 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 :\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u062f\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2007\u060c \u0635 45<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8 \u0640\u0640 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u06371 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2013. \u06357 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>9 \u0640\u0640 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u06371 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2013. \u0635 12 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>10 \u0640\u0640\u00a0 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0635 88 \u0640 89<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>11 \u0640\u00a0 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>12 \u0640\u0640 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00a0 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u00a0 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 .<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>13 \u0640\u0640 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 : \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u06371 \u060c 1984\u060c \u0635267<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>14 \u0640\u0640\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>d\u2019un regard a l\u2019autre .Fransesco casette .p43<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0640\u0640 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 : \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0635 102<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>15 \u0640\u00a0 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a016 \u0640\u0640 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a (\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a) \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>17 \u0640\u0640 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong> 2020<\/strong><strong>\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c <\/strong><strong>https:\/\/youtu.be\/sexxQ-z9iAQ<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a018 \u0640\u0640 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>19 \u0640\u0640 &#8221; \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u060c \u0637 4\u060c 2019\u060c \u063513.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>20 \u0640\u0640\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0637\u0646\u060c 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