{"id":1195,"date":"2013-12-10T04:55:21","date_gmt":"2013-12-10T01:55:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/?p=1195"},"modified":"2013-12-10T04:55:21","modified_gmt":"2013-12-10T01:55:21","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/?p=1195","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

1540-1800: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631<\/b><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"latefa\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u00a0<\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1536\u0645.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u00a0 <\/span>\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1543\u0645\u00a0\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u00a0<\/span>\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646”\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629”.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f \u062f \u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u00a0<\/span>\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a” \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 ” \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u00a0 <\/span>\u0641\u064a 1571\u0645.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643” \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1704 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u060c\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1669\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u063a 1715 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062d\u062a “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629”\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u00a0 <\/span>\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0627 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u0644\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u00a0<\/span>\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u06451798\u0645 .<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a.\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u060c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c\u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u064b<\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1540-1800: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1536\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u00a0 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1196,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-15","category-14"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1195"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1206,"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195\/revisions\/1206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assawtalakhar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}